As a latecomer to capitalism, Russia did not repeat the gradual stages of Britain’s industrial development; instead, the most modern capitalist enterprises were grafted—under the direct intervention of the state and western banks—on top of Russia’s predominantly archaic agricultural..…

Tracing the history of these and other related techniques, Rejali argues that most originated with military punishments or with slavery, found their way into the interrogational practices of “the main Western democracies” (Britain, France, and the United States), and—after a period of..…

According to Shifrinson, United States attempted to coerce Soviet Union to adopt Western standards on numerous issues — including human rights and nuclear arms reductions. Soviet Union wanted Great Britain to remain as power, and this Soviet interest was undercut by Marshall Plan. ..…