In order to get the necessary votes in Congress, President Franklin Roosevelt had to make a deal with the “Dixiecrats,” the significant number of Southern Democrats, many of whom were wealthy farm owners descended from slave-holding planters (thus their other name, “plantocracy”). . ..…

The Roosevelt coalition of the 1930s-1940s included class-conscious workers of all colors, but the Democratic majorities in Congress depended on the presence of southern “Dixiecrats” who rejected racial equality and detested the CIO. ..…

The amendment, Bogus argues, was assurance to Southern states that Congress would not disarm their slave patrols, and the institution. ..…

When representatives of the colonies met in the first Continental Congress, the usual practice of a clergyman offering prayer was proposed. . But members from southern colonies objected because of the diversity of the Congress — Anglicans, Puritans, Quakers, even a Roman Catholic...…

So in 1828, Congress imposed a high tariff on the imports. The Southern States called this the “tariff of abominations”, because it made the English goods too expensive to buy; and when the Southern States stopped buying English goods, England stopped buying Southern..…

Congress never passed an anti-lynching bill, instead capitulating to Southern politicians who argued that such bills were racial “favoritism” and a violation of states’ rights. ..…

The slave bonus unfairly enhanced the power of the southern states in Congress throughout the period prior to the Civil War. ... Thus, for almost a century—until the VRA was enacted during President Johnson’s administration—the southern states’ representation in..…

Southern version of history also prevailed for decades at Civil War battle sites, thanks to the fact that Congress appropriated money for National Park Service, and Southerners Congress had their hands on the purse strings. ..…

In August 1861, Congress in effect freed slaves who had worked in any capacity for Southern armies and who subsequently came within Union lines. ..…

This wave peaked just before World War I and ended in 1924, when Congress established strict quotas based on national origin. ... In The Case Against Immigration Roy Beck, a liberal journalist, argues that if Congress had not restricted immigration in 1924, second- and third-generation..…