The masses of rural migrants, joined by growing numbers of laid-off state enterprise workers, provided China with an endless supply of cheap labor. . Through all this, China’s neo-liberal communist bureaucrats have been more interested in protecting employers than in enforcing..…

We know there was a massive manufacturing influx due to the country’s plentiful cheap labor and increasingly global supply chains, but this alone wouldn’t have yielded the same outcome just anywhere. China got a leg up thanks to three main drivers (each of which came with its own..…

Murolo: I first encountered “history from the bottom up” and “people’s history” through the books I found at that little store on 183rd Street, through Labor’s Untold Story, and through the stuff I picked up at random at radical bookstores in Manhattan, especially the Communist Party’s..…

The Reserve Army of Labor in China’s Economy, 1991–2015 . (Sep 01, 2018) . . ... Karl Marx’s theory of the reserve army of labor (RAL) addresses these problems and is better suited for discussions of the labor shortage problem in China. . ..…

He was imprisoned again in a “Re-education through Labor” camp from 1996 to 1999 for criticizing China’s policies toward Taiwan and Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. ..…

However, women’s labor force participation does not appear to be related to the gender gap in daily prayer across Muslim-majority countries or across countries where neither Christianity nor Islam are predominant (e.g., India, China, Israel). In these countries, differences in the shares of women..…

To appease the Party he launched an anti-rightist campaign that resulted in half a million intellectuals being sacked, sent to labor reform camps, or simply imprisoned. It was a big blow to China’s development program. . Smarting from this humiliation, and inspired by Khrushchev’s..…