The word “Jewess”—when coupled with my landlady’s comment that “the Jews were taking over Antwerp”—raised my hackles, made me aware of Belgian anti-Semitism and brought out my own self-identification as Jewish, which is magnified whenever I hear negative comments about Jews. ...…

myth linking Armistice and Kristallnacht - one that began with falsifying the war record of the German Jews. ..…

Of course, the use of gas to murder millions of German Jews and other minority groups from within Germany and Europe was central to the Holocaust. . . . ..…

“Having ostensibly rejected antisemitism, German socialists frequently went out of their way to disprove any guilt in ‘defending the Jews’... in the Austrian context... ..…

'After all, we have long had to protect members of religious minorities such as Jews and Muslims from violence in many German cities'. . ..…