Through the 1990s, it played a key role in the multiparty Italian Parliament, but entered into a crisis after supporting a social-liberal-led coalition government. In Germany, a left split from the Social-Democrats, converging with a fragment from the East German Communist Party gave us Die..…

Encouraged by the Italian fascist victory, similar movements arose in other European countries, the strongest being in Germany. ..…

At the root of Italy’s problems is Italian industry’s declining competitiveness in relation to Germany. ... At the same time, the German government took advantage of cheap labor from the former East Germany after unification in the early 1990s to squeeze labor costs despite big gains in..…