After its victory in World War II, the US supplanted the European powers in the Middle East. The US first aimed to secure control of the newly discovered oil in Saudi Arabia, which the US state department called “a stupendous source of strategic power, and one of the greatest..…

Reactionary forces both internationally (the United States, European Union, Saudi Arabia, and Israel) and locally (the Egyptian ruling class, the army generals, and the remnants of the security apparatus) are all uniting to reverse or at least contain the revolution. . ..…