The question was debated in Moscow midway through the congress, on November 16, at a special meeting of the German delegation with leaders of the Russian party, chaired by Lenin. ..…

As delegates gathered in Moscow for the June 1921 Comintern congress, March Action supporters appeared to enjoy majority support. ..…

Denouncing Bolshevik policy, particularly the treaty with Germany, they broke with the Bolsheviks and declared war on the government during the Fifth Soviet Congress. Using their positions within the government to leverage their attack, they initiated a brief but doomed uprising in Moscow. ..…