The victorious allies dictated peace that humbled Germany, formalized the disintegration of Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires, and shared the geopolitical spoils among the victors. ..…
Until 1918, he says, most European Jews had lived in two multi-ethnic empires – either under the Russian Tzar or the Austro-Hungarian Empire. ... First in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, where socialist thinkers in Austria created the “multi-national state,” which deeply impacted..…
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