German forces, their spring offensive long exhausted, are beating a disorderly retreat. . On November 3, German ally Austria-Hungary capitulates and signs an armistice. . ..…

In the opening decade of the twenty-first century the German national state unites the great majority of the German speaking population of Europe, excepting only those in Switzerland and Austria, its industry is technologically advanced and its per capita GDP high. ..…

The starvation of Leningrad was the most notorious example of Nazis policy of killing by hunger. ..…

Adolf Hitler was an Austrian soldier fighting in that war, though in the German army. His anti-Semitic response to the defeat of Germany and Austria, articulated in Mein Kampf in 1925, is interpreted by Bloxham in The Final Solution as an intellectually spurious but politically powerful..…