Its neighbour Iraq, where Saddam Hussein had formally assumed the reins of power, also in 1979, saw opportunity in Iran’s temporary weakness to send its forces across the border with the apparent ambition to effect regime change in Tehran. ... The invasion of Iraq..…

Indeed, the plan of a war economy should not be very difficult for Iran to implement since it has a relatively successful experience of carrying out such a plan: during the 8-year war with Saddam Hussein’s Iraq, Iran embarked on an extensive state-guided economic management that..…