The first was during World War I, of approximately a half million people. ..…

The book focuses specifically on the decade from 1919, when the CP was founded, to the eve of the Great Depression in 1929. ... It begins with the large and popular Socialist Party (SP), bitterly divided in 1917 over the question of whether to oppose World War I. ..…

The ongoing radicalization of the profession was further catalyzed by and reflected in its clear opposition to the imperial wars which the tsarist state was casting the nation into—first the war with Japan in 1905 and then World War I in 1914. ... After the onset of..…

But Russia’s economic backwardness and the devastation caused by World War I, meant that the revolution could not survive without outside support. ..…