Tensions between the Communist party and the nationalist Kuomintang, its primary rival, erupted into a civil war from which the Communists emerged victorious in 1949. Despite China’s market reforms in the late 1970s, the modern Chinese state remains a Leninist system, like those..…

The 70 years since the end of the civil war, in which Communists and Nationalists, or Kuomintang, fought to control territory vacated by the invading Japanese, have been tumultuous. . China went through wrenching social changes as it veered from a planned economy to a failed..…

After the arduous anti-Japanese aggression war and a civil war, on Oct. 1, 1949, the PRC was founded, opening a new chapter of Chinese history. . . 　　..…