Authoritative Chinese sources on nuclear operations first started to appear in the 1980s, with publications such as the 1987 Science of Military Strategy stating that China must “strike after the enemy has struck.” [7] Successive publications, such as Defense White Papers and the various..…

One of the most striking aspects of the meeting was that, amidst this range of European concerns, the character of relations with the People's Republic of China emerged as in the agenda. Rinkēvičs further stated that European countries should avoid a black-and-white perspective of..…

In a subsequent and more hawkish white paper published at the beginning of June, Beijing reiterated that “China will not compromise on major issues of principle” and blamed the United States for the collapse of the talks, accusing it of changing its position three times since early 2018...…