Venezuela's main off-budget funding instrument is the National Development Fund (Fondo de Desarrollo Nacional, FONDEN), funded primarily by the Central Bank of Venezuela and PDVSA. ... Yet, therein lies the conundrum: if Guaidó courts the military into backing his plea by offering material..…
Locals queue to collect water from an underground water main pipeline in Caracas, Venezuela April 1, 2019. . . . . . ..…
But the main strategy is not a direct military one. Instead they are intending to conduct a long hybrid war on Venezuela to wear the people down. ..…
'The pressure from these grassroots organizations could not come at a more critical time for Venezuela,' said Alex Main, Director of International Policy for Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR). . ..…
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