Its strategic position, with close access to the oil lanes of Red Sea and Persian Gulf, means that it was prize during Cold War between Russia and United States.. In the run-up to Gulf War the leader of Sudan declared support for Iraq's Saddam Hussein. ..…

Signing Russia-Arab finance agreements, especially between Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWF) and other Gulf Arab government–owned investment vehicles; . ... [xiii] Samuel Charap, “Is Russia An Outside Power In the Gulf?” Survival, LVII, No. 1, February 2015, p. 154. .  ..…

In the Gulf, Russia and Saudi Arabia alone have essentially set the bar for current energy prices, reducing OPEC to a shadow of its past self. ... Russia has been able to regionally come out on top in this way thanks to, inter alia, the totality of Turco-Russian relations,..…

For Europe, Russia’s foray into the Middle East and the Gulf in particular is an immense security challenge. ... [xl] Taken together, this gray area economic investment in the North-South corridor is poorly understood, as are the flows of illicit monies that deserve anti-money laundering..…