https://www.gannett-cdn.com/media/2017/10/24/USATODAY/USATODAY/636444242994145685-XXX-16-BRUCE-SPRINGSTEEN-IN-SPRINGSTEEN-ON-BROADWA-94533901.JPG

fourth of july: misunderstood 'patriotic' songs

Woody Guthrie’s enduring classic may be seen as an alternative to the National Anthem, but it wasn’t intended as such when the singer-songwriter, irritated by radio stations playing Irving Berlin’s “God Bless America” on a constant loop, wrote the song in 1940. ... Another unrecorded verse..

cesare beccaria’s radical ideas on crime and punishment

Throughout Europe, ruling elites believed that criminal justice had to be done and be seen to be done; and that criminal punishment had to be cruel so as to instil the fear of God in the people watching the horrific spectacle. . ... Both Facchinei and the Physiocrats, along with Adam Smith, believed..

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